Kruger v Commonwealth of Australia; Bray v Commonwealth of Australia

Judgment date: 31/07/1997
Court: HCA
Judge: Brennan CJ, Dawson, Toohey, Gaudron, McHugh and Gummow JJ
Citation: (1997) 146 ALR 126; (1997) 190 CLR 1; (1997) 71 ALJR 991; [1997] 13 Leg Rep 2; [1997] HCA 27;
Catchwords: Conflict of laws;  Choice of law;  Federal jurisdiction;  Action against Commonwealth;  

Constitutional law;  Commonwealth powers;  Power to make laws for government of any territory;  Scope of power in s 122 Constitution;  

Constitutional law;  Constitution;  Implied guarantee of legal equality;  Whether implication of legal equality able to be made;  

Constitutional law;  Judicial power;  Exercise of judicial power by executive;  Action of penal character;  

Constitutional law;  Constitution;  Implied right to freedom of political communication;  Limitation on implied right to freedom of communication;  

Constitutional law;  Parliament;  Doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty;  Parliamentary supremacy;  

Constitutional law;  Constitution;  Implied rights, freedoms and immunities;  Action for breach of constitutional guarantee;  

Foreign relations;  International conventions;  Effect on domestic law;  Legislation enacted prior to entry into treaty obligations;